اسلامی، محرم (1379). شناخت نوای گفتار زبان فارسی وکاربرد آن در بازسازی رایانهای گفتار. پایاننامة دکتری. تهران: گروه زبانشناسی دانشگاه تهران.
ـــــــــــــــ و محمود بیجنخان (1381). «نظام آهنگ زبان فارسی» . مجلة زبانشناسی. س 17، ش2 ، پیاپی 34 ، 61-36.
پرمون، یدالله (1385). «یک الگوریتم عروضی برای تکیة پیش روی کلمه در فارسی امروز» . مجموعه مقالات دومین کارگاه پژوهشی زبان فارسی و رایانه. دانشگاه تهران، 284-262.
سامعی، حسین (1374). «تکیة فعل در زبان فارسی، یک بررسی مجدد» . نامة فرهنگستان. س 1، ش 4، 21-6.
وحیدیان کامیار، تقی (1379). نوای گفتار در فارسی (تکیه، آهنگ، مکث). مشهد: انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
Beckman, M. E. & Gayle M. Ayers (1997). “Guidelines for ToBI Labelling, version 3”. online ms. available at:
&ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ J. Hirschberg (1997). “The ToBI Annotation Conventions”. online ms. available at:
ــــــــــــــــــــــــ, J. Hirschberg, & Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel (2005). “The Original ToBI System and the Evolution of the ToBI Framework”. in: Sun-Ah Jun (Ed.), Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing.Oxford:OxfordUniversity Press, 9-54.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــ. & J. B. Pierrehumbert (1986). “Intonational Structure in English and Japanese”. Phonology Yearbook 3, 255-310.
Boersma, P. and D. Weenink (1992-2006). “Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (Version 4.4.33)”. retrieved from:
Bruce, G. (1977). Swedish Word Accents in Sentence Perspective.Lund: Gleerup.
Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ferguson, Ch. A. (1957). “Word Stress in Persian”. Language .33, 123-135.
Grabe, E., F. Nolan, and K. Farrar (1998). “IViE – A Comparative Transcription System for Intonational Variation in English”, in: Proceedings of ICSLP 98.Sydney,Australia.
Gussenhoven, C. (2004). The Phonology of Tone and Intonation.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hirst, D. and A. Di Cristo (Eds.) (1998). Intonation Systems: A Survey of Twenty Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hodge, C. T. (1957). “Some Aspects of Persian Style”. Language .33, 355-369.
Jun, S. (2005). Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
ــــــــــــــــــ, R.Scarborough, T. Arbisi-Kelm, Christina Esposito, and Patrick Barjam (2003). “Intonational Phonology of Farsi”, UCLA ms.
Kahnemuyipour, A. (2003). “Syntactic Categories and Persian Stress”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory .21(2), 333-379.
Ladd, D. R. (1983). “Phonological Features of Intonational Peaks”. Language. 59, 721-759.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــ (1996). Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lazard, G. (1992). A Grammar of Contemporary Persian. English translation, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. (Translated from French by Shirley Lyons; first published in 1957 as Grammaire du Persan Contemporain.Paris: Klinksieck.)
Liberman, M. (1975). The Intonational System of English. PhD thesis, MIT, distributed 1978 by Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Mahjani, B. (2003). “An Instrumental Study of Prosodic Features and Intonation in Modern Farsi (Persian)”. MS thesis, retrieved from:
Mahootian, S. (1997). Persian. Descriptive Grammars.London: Routledge.
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1980). The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation. PhD thesis, MIT, published 1988 by Indiana University Linguistics Club.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ & J. Hirschberg (1990). “The Meaning of Intonational Contours in the Interpretation of Discourse”, in: P.R. Cohen, J. Morgan, and M.E. Pollack (Eds.) Intentions in Communication.Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 271-311.
Pitrelli, J. F., M. E. Beckman, and J. Hirschberg (1994). “Evaluation of Prosodic Transcription Labelling Reliability in the ToBI Framework”. in: Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 1.Yokohama,Japan, 6-123.
Price, P. J., M. Ostendorf, S. Shattuck-Hufnagel, and C. Fong (1991). “The Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation”. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.90, 2956-70.
Price, J. Pierrehumbert, and J. Hirschberg (1992). “ToBI: a Standard for Labelling English Prosody”. in: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 2. Banff, Canada, 867-870.
Sadat-Tehrani, N. (2006). Intonational Grammar of Persian. Ms.,University ofManitoba.
Scarborough, R. (2003). “The Intonation of Focus in Farsi”. unpublished paper for Intonational Field Methods seminar, taught by Sun-Ah Jun, retrieved from:
Silverman, K. , M. E. Beckman, J. Pitrelli, M. Ostendorf, C. Wightman, Patti
Towhidi, J. (1974). Studies in the Phonetics of Modern Persian. Intonation and Related Features (=Forum Phoneticum 2). Hamburg: Helmut Buske [originally dissertation, London 1973].
Wightman, C., S. Shattuck-Hufnagel, M. Ostendorf, and P. Price (1992). “Segmental Durations in the Vicinity of Prosodic Phrase Boundaries”. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 91, 1707-17.
Zav’jalova, V.I. (1962). “Intonacija Obrashchenija v Persidskom Jazyke [The intonation of the vocative (address) in Persian]”. UZLU 306.16-31.