رده‌شناسی پیکره‌بنیاد و توالی کلمات در زبان فارسی

This article is devoted to the study of the typology of word order in Persian, focusing on the corpus-based typology approach. The typological study of word order in Persian has shown that Persian, although it has a dominant but uncertain tendency towards verb-initial patterns, does not fall into the simplified classification of a “verb-initial” or “verb-final” language, but is a mixed language. Some hypotheses have also been put forward about the reason for this mixed classification, including that Persian is in the process of transitioning to a verb-initial reaction. In this article, first, by reviewing corpus-based typology studies using real and quantitative linguistic data, a more complete and gradual picture of the irregularity of word order in the world’s languages and, consequently, the situation of Persian is presented. Selected corpus studies show that the irregularity of word order in Persian is not uniform. For example, in the order of the head and the dependent, Persian has a relatively high irregularity, but in the sequence of the subject and the object, it has a very consistent order (mainly the subject before the object). Also, although Persian has a differential object marking using the marker "rā", this has not led to much freedom in the order of the subject and the object. Finally, an attempt has been made to explain the features of the word order of the Persian language based on areal typology. In other words, it has been attempted to show that the entropy in the word sequence of this language and its difference from verb-initial and verb-final languages can be the result of long-term language contact and influence from neighboring languages, especially Semitic and Turkic languages, in the "West Asian Transition Zone". An examination of the orders of nominal object and verb, pronominal object and verb, object and verb, and preposition and noun shows that language contact has had a definite effect on the irregularities in word sequence. Finally, the importance of corpus-based research and the construction of more corpora for Persian and other Iranian languages has been emphasized.