Language and Linguistics

‘ham’ in persian

Document Type : .

Authors

1 Linguistics department, Bu Ali Sina University

2 BuAli SIna University

Abstract

‘‘ham’’ appears to be one of controversial words in modern Persian. Some grammarians categorized them as adverbs. Although omitting this word from sentences does not result in ungrammatical sentence, it just change the meaning. On the other hand, the word being mentioned not only as an adverb but an additive. Additives show addition and quantity for focus of sentence. Contribution of additives to meaning of sentence is depended on focus and scope of these particles. Based on these details, ‘‘ham’’ as an additive alternate the meaning of sentence according to the focus. In addition to additive, ‘ham’ plays role of conjuction, cause and etc. This article aims to study roles of ‘ham’ in persian and to provide this word’s semantic map. To be more detailed on current roles, the article has diachronic view on ‘ham’ from old persian to modern persian so as to determine this word changes more comprehensively. Therefore ‘ham’ has been studied from grammaticalization point of view. Finally, this research provides ‘ham’ evolution from old persian to modern persian beside its semantic map.

Keywords

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Language and Linguistics
Volume 17, Issue 34
January 2023
Pages 219-246