The Investigation of Slips of the Tongue Varieties in Old Persian Speakers’ Speech

Fallahi, Mohammad Hadi

The Investigation of Slips of the Tongue Varieties in Old Persian Speakers’ Speech

Document Type : .

Author

Mohammad Hadi Fallahi

Abstract

The Slips of the tongue are errors which occur naturally and unrepeatedly in all people speech. The role of speech errors in describing and explaining how speech produces, is important. According to the researches, the most basic result which product, shows the errors occur very regularly.
In this paper, the old Persian speakers speech have been investigated naturally. In natural speech, meaning substitution is maximum and addition and stranding exchange are minimum. Also this paper approves that errors are regular.

Keywords

..........

References

- اچیسون، جین (1364)، روانشناسی زبان، ترجمه و نگارش عبدالخلیل حاجتی، تهران: امیرکبیر.

- Butterworth, Brain, “Speech errors: old Data in Search of New Theories”.

http://www.mathematicalbrain.com/1981

- ــــــــــــــــ, “Introduction: A Brief Review of Methods of Studying Language Production”.

http://www.mathematicalbrain.com/1983

- Carroll, David, w. (1998), Psychology of Language, (3^rd ed.), Mexico city: Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company.

- Dell, G.S. & Reich, P.A. (1981), “Stages in Sentence Production: An Analysis of speech Error Data”, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 611-629.

- Dell, G.S. (1986), “A Spreading Activation Theory of Retrieval in Sentence Production”, Psychological Review, 93, 283 – 321.

- Fromkin, V. (1971), “The Unanomalous Nature of Anomalous utterances”, Language, 47, 27 – 52.

- ________. (1973), Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence, Mouton: The Hague.

- ________. (1980), Errors in Linguistic Performance: Slips of the Tongue, Ear, Pen and Hand, New York: Academic Press.

- Fromkin, V. & R.Rodman (1988), An Introduction to Language, (4^th ed.), Florida: Holf, Reinhart and Winston Inc.

- Graman, Michael (1990), Psycholinguistics, Cambridge: Cup.

- Garrett, M.F. (1975), “The Analysis of Sentence Production”, The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 9. New York: Academic Press.

- ________ (1976), “Syntactic Processes in Sentence Production”, R.wales & E. walker (eds.), New approaches to Language Mechanisms, Amsterdam: North Holand Press.

- ________ (1980), “levels of processing in sentence production”, B. Butterworth (ed.), Language Production, Vol. 1. speech and talk, New York: Academic Press, 177 – 220.

- ________ (1982), “Production of Speech: Observations for Normal and Pathological language use”, A. Ellis (ed.), Normality and Pathology in Cognitive Functions, London: Academic Press.

- _________ (1987), “Meaning and Form in Word Retrieval: Substitution Errors within Demantic field.”, MZT Center for Cognitive Science Occasional Paper, No. 41.

- _________ (1990), “Process in Language Production”, F.J. Newmeyer (ed.), Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. III, Language: Psychological and Biological Aspects, Cambridge: Cup, 69 – 96.

- Shattuck – hufnogel, s. (1983). “Sublexical units and Supralexical Structure in Speech Production Planning”, P.F. Mac Neilage (ed.), The Production of Speech, New York: Springer – Vertag.

- Waleschkowski, E. “Feature Distance in Consonantal slips of the Tongue: Psycholinguistic and Methodological Aspects”.

http://www.sfu.ca/cognitive-science/2003