Main Approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis

Document Type : .

Authors

Abstract

This article tries to review the origin of CDA and introduces some of the influential theoretical schools on it. Although these approaches differ from each other, on the basis of the theoretical foundations and analytic tools, but they share three concepts of critique, power and ideology. The article emphasizes on two main points: a dialectic relation between society, culture, politics and language that this complex relation requires multidisciplinary research; and the fact that CDA cannot be taken as a theory due to its tendency to adopt an eclectic approach in the analysis of the data

Keywords


ـ آقاگل‌زاده، فردوس (1383)، "روش‌شناسی تحقیق در تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی" مجموعه مقالات ششمین کنفرانس زبان‌شناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
ـ سلطانی، سیدعلی‌اصغر (1383)، قدرت، گفتمان و زبان: ساز وکارهای جریان قدرت در مطبوعات. رسالة دکتری، دانشگاه علامة طباطبایی.
 
- Fairclough, N (1989), Language and Power, London: Longman.
- ___________ (1992)a, “Critical Linguistics”, in International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, )ed.( by William Bright, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 314-315.
- ___________(1992)b, Discourse and Social Change, London: Polity Press.
- ____________ (1995), Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.
- ___________ (2002)a, “Critical Discourse Analysis and the Marketization of Public Discourse”, in Toolan, M(ed.) Critical Discourse Analysis, vol.2, London: Routledge, 69-103.
- ___________ (2002)b, “Critical and Descriptive Goals in Discourse Analysis”, in Critical Discourse Analysis, )ed.( By Michael TooLan, Vol. 1. 321-345, London and New York: Routledge, 321-345.
- Fowler, R. et al (1979) Language and Control. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
________.(2002). “On Critical Linguistics”, in Critical Discourse Analysis, (ed.) By Michael TooLan Vol. 1, London and New York: Rutledge, 346-374.
- Kress, G (2002), “Against Arbitrariness”, in Critical Discourse Analysis, (ed.) By Michael TooLan, vol.2 ,London: Routledge, 142-165.
- ________ and T. Van Leeuwen (2006), Reading Images.2nd edition. Routledge. - Resigel, M. and R. Wodak (2001), Discourse and Discrimination. London & New York: Routledge.
- Van Dijk, T (1984), Prejudice in Discourse. Benjamins.
- __________ (1986), Racism in the Press .London: Arnold.
- __________ (1987), Communicating Racism: Ethnic Prejudice in Thought and Talk.Newbury Park.CA: Sage.
- __________ (1998), “Opinions and Ideologies in the Press”, in Approaches to Media Discourse, (ed.) by Bell, A. and Peter Garrett, Oxford: Blackwell, 21-63.
- __________ (2001), “Multidisciplinary CDA: A plea for diversity”, in Methods of CDA. (ed.) by R. Wodak and M. Meyer, London: Sage, 95-120.
- __________ (2002), “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis”, in Critical Discourse Analysis. (ed.) by Michael Toolan, Vol. 2, Routledge, 104-141.
- Van Leeuwen, T (2002), “Genre and field in Critical Discourse Analysis”, in Critical Discourse Analysis, (ed.) By Michael TooLan,vol.2. London: Routledge,166-199.
- _______________. and R. Wodak, (1999), “Legitimizing Imigration Control: A discourse-historical approach” in Discourse studies. Vol. 1(1), London: Sage, 83-118.
- Wodak, R (1995), “Critical Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis”, in Handbook of Pragmatics-Manual, (ed.) by Verschuren, J. and et al. 204-210, Amsterdam: Jhon Benjamins,.
- ________ (2001)a, “what CDA is about – a Summary of its history, important concepts and its developments”, in Methods of CDA. (ed.) by R.Wodak and M. Meyer, London: Sage publications, 1-13.
- ________. (2001) b, “The discourse historical approach”, in Methods of CDA. (ed.) by R. Wodak and M. Mayer, London: Sage, 63-94.