Futurates in Persian and English: An Informal Analysis

Document Type : .

Author

Abstract

   This article provides an informal semantic analysis for future forms in Persian and English languages. At first, the author goes through the vexed question of whether these languages possess such a thing as future tense. Providing his argumentation, he suggests that Futurity is not an absolute linguistic concept. Then, he compares and contrasts the use of different futurates (different future forms) in English and Persian. Based on the results of this process, he proposes a continuum for futurity in Persian (see 42). In that continuum, it is suggested that xastæn (meaning will) is the default future; that is, it is used only when the general preconditions for other futurates don't exist. Finally, it is concluded that the concept of futurity has been merged in other tenses, especially Simple Present. That is why , it is normally expressed with  these tenses.

References

Autstin, J. L. (1982) How To Do things With Words. Oxford: OUP.
Binnick, R. (1991) Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect.     Oxford: OUP.
Comrie, B. (1990) Aspect. Cambridge: CUP
Dowty, D. R. (1979) Word Meaning and Montague Grammar: The semanic of verbs. Cambridge: CUP.
Hofmann, T.R. (1993) Realms of Meaning: An Introduction to semantics.       Harlow: London
Hornstein, N. (1990) As Time Goes By: Tense and Universal Grammar. MIT.
Kaplan, J.P. (1989) English Grammar: Principles and Facts. NJ: Prentice Hall.
Lewis, M. (1986) The English Verb: an Explanation of Structure and Meaning. London: Macmillan.
Lyons,J.(1977).Semantics.2Vol.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ney, J.W. (1981) Semantic Structures for the syntax of Complements and Auxiliaries .Harlow: London.
Palmer, F.R. (1986) Mood and Modality. Cambridge: CUP.
Quirk, R. etal (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman: London and New York.
Raymon, N (1985) New English Grammar in Use. Fifth ed. CUP.
Reichenbach, H. (1947) Elements of Symbolic Logic. London: Macmillan.
Robin, T. (11997) Future Forms in English. Linguistic-on line site-Yahoo Internet.
Smith, C.S. (1991) The Parameters of Aspect. Dordrecht: Kluwer

 

منابع فارسی

خانلری، پرویز (1351). دستور زبان فارسی . انتشارات بنیاد فرهنگ ایران.
قریب، عبدالعظیم و دیگران (1228). دستور زبان پنج استاد. تهران: شرکت سهامی کتب.
صفوی , کورش (1379 ). درآمدی بر معنی شناسی . تهران ، پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و هنر اسلامی .  انتشارات حوزه هنری.
مشکوه‌الدینی , مهدی (1373). دستور زبان فارسی بر پایه نظریه گشتاری. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.                                                   

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics