Making a story world, narrative texts also contextualize it in the real world. Such an ontological projection, called in this article the context dependency of narrative discourse, is the topic of the present pragmatic study which examines second person pronoun as one of the most significant linguistic features of narrative texts. First a number of narratological concepts required for the pragmatics of narrative texts are discussed. Then, some specific linguistic insights about deictic expressions are studied in 2nd-person sample narratives. Based on the results of the study, five referring functions are recognized for 2nd-person pronouns particularly used in Persian to put literary fictions in their wider readerly contexts. This article, in a more explicit term, concludes that in addition to their only application ever known to linguists (i.e. addressing the participants in face to face conversations), 2nd-person pronouns are applied in Persian contemporary narratives for undermining -rather than underlining- the ontological boundaries between the real and the fictive. 

Persian locates stress on the last syllable of a phonological / lexical word. Inflectional and derivational suffixes absorb stress after annexing to the end of words. Enclitics behave in an exceptional manner to this rule, i.e. stress location remains at the end of words. The purpose of this article is to posit phonological evidences for inclusion of clitic group in the present-day Persian prosodic hierarchy. Evidences include vowel deletion of enclitics when host ends to a vowel and also Ezafe vowel /e/ deletion in colloquial Persian. Such pattern is not seen at the levels of phonological word and phonological phrase. In addition, intonational pattern of a host plus enclitic and intonational pattern of a phonological word ending to an enclitic are structurally different.

Among stop consonants, voice is considered to be one of the distinctive features (Samareh, 1385:25). According to their position in one of the initial, medial or final position, they will get different acoustic properties. Previous studies show that among many acoustic cues to voicing, closure duration and closure voicing are present in all contexts including final position. Meanwhile, it has been documented than vowel duration is one of the main acoustic cues to voicing in VC position. This article examines the distinctive role of these acoustic cues among voiced and voiceless Persian plosives in word final position. Subjects read test words: /συδ//sut/, /suγ//suk/and /tub//tup/ each in the middle of a containing sentence. PRAAT software was used for the acoustical measurements and SPSS software was applied for the statistical analysis. Our measurements revealed that vowel duration, closure duration and closure voicing each can distinguish voicing categories for the test words and can be regarded as the potential acoustic cue to voicing in word final position.

This article studies the turn-holding strategies –as a part of turn-taking strategies– in the conversation of high school girls in Birjand and the effect of communicative situation on these strategies in communication with (1) peers, (2) families (older sisters) and (3) teachers. The findings of this study show that: (a) in all examined  situations filled and  unfilled pauses have the lowest and  the highest rates among turn-holding strategies respectively; (b) in communication with peers and families, discourse markers and reiterations are almost used similarly; (c) comparing with the other two situations, in communication with teachers, reiterations are used more than discourse markers; (d) obtained standard derivations of frequency percentages of turn-holding strategies in the examined situations, the standard derivation of frequency percentages shows that dispersion of data is lowest in communication with peers and highest in communication with teachers. In other words, communication with peers and teachers are the most homogenous and the most heterogeneous data respectively.

Motion is considered as a fundamental concept in human cognitive system which could be represented in languages differently.Such diversity forms the basis of the lexicalization pattern theory, identified by Leonard Talmy. Based on the conflation of the conceptual elements, this theory is able to define and classify language families. However, it suffers from some inadequacies. The present paper is going to explain these deficiencies, and present some solutions. The results of the study show that there are two different approaches to the motion event: 1- wide approach, which merely conflates main conceptual elements in the verb; 2- narrow approach, which conflates peripheral constituent elements in the verb as well.

Media, as a powerful component of the society, transmits messages to the audiences. Among all types of Media, TV has various functions and in terms of semiotics, is a social text. Television as a main communication channel between politicians and audiences has different functions such as information, education, entertainment, art and advertising. From the beginning, TV News has always had large audiences. The present paper is an attempt to investigate the application of different linguistic signs (naming, cohesion devices, and modality) in news text by analyzing two international channels (france24 & IRINN). 

There are different ways to classify derivational affixes. This article investigates Persian derivational affixes according to the classification presented by Beard (2001). His classification is different from others in considering the affixes’ features, semantic functions, and grammatical changes. The problems and the limitations of this classification in Persian are also discussed here. Moreover, based on Beard’s theory on derivational head (which suggests that if affixes are lexical items selected for phrase structures, they should be served as heads), the derivational head in Persian is discussed together with the inadequacy of this theory. To overcome some of these shortcomings, the present study suggests at least three additional classes of derivation: Archi derivation (including several classes), semantic derivation (changing just the function) and referent derivation (changing just the reference)

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